Fluctuation relations for dissipative systems in constant external magnetic field: Theory and molecular dynamics simulations

We illustrate how, contrary to common belief, transient Fluctuation Relations (FRs) for systems in constant external magnetic field hold without the inversion of the field. Building on previous work providing generalized time-reversal symmetries for systems in parallel external magnetic and electric fields, we observe that the standard proof of these important nonequilibrium properties can be fully reinstated in the presence of net dissipation. This generalizes recent results for the FRs in orthogonal fields-an interesting but less commonly investigated geometry-and enables direct comparison with existing literature. We also present for the first time a numerical demonstration of the validity of the transient FRs with nonzero magnetic field via nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations of a realistic model of liquid NaCl

Fluctuation relations for systems in a constant magnetic field

The validity of the fluctuation relations (FRs) for systems in a constant magnetic field is investigated. Recently introduced time-reversal symmetries that hold in the presence of static electric and magnetic fields and of deterministic thermostats are used to prove the transient FRs without invoking, as commonly done, inversion of the magnetic field. Steady-state FRs are also derived, under the t-mixing condition. These results extend the predictive power of important statistical mechanics relations. We illustrate this via the nonlinear response for the cumulants of the dissipation, showing how the alternative FRs enable one to determine analytically null cumulants also for systems in a single magnetic field

Erratum: Fluctuation relations for systems in a constant magnetic field (Physical Review E (2020) 102 (030101R) DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.102.030101)

Erratum. After the publication of this paper, we found an inconsequential mistake in the derivation of the dissipation function for the Nosé-Hoover thermostatted system, Eq. (17) of the original paper. A complete and correct derivation for O(0)(X) is now reported in Appendix B of Ref. [1], where, in particular, it is shown that (Formula Presented) (Figure Presented)

Meta-analysis of effect of nintedanib on reducing FVC decline across interstitial lung diseases

INTRODUCTION: The effect of nintedanib on slowing the rate of decline in forced vital capacity (FVC) has been investigated in randomized placebo-controlled trials in subjects with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), other progressive fibrosing interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), and ILD associated with systemic sclerosis (SSc-ILD). We assessed the consistency of the effect of nintedanib on the rate of decline in FVC over 52 weeks across four placebo-controlled phase III trials. METHODS: We used data on FVC decline from the INPULSIS-1 and INPULSIS-2 trials in subjects with IPF, the INBUILD trial in subjects with progressing fibrosing ILDs other than IPF, and the SENSCIS trial in subjects with SSc-ILD. In each trial, the primary endpoint was the annual rate of decline in FVC (mL/year) assessed over 52 weeks. We performed fixed effect and random effects meta-analyses based on the relative treatment effect of nintedanib versus placebo on the rate of decline in FVC (mL/year) over 52 weeks. Heterogeneity of the relative treatment effect of nintedanib across populations was assessed using the I2 statistic, τ2 and corresponding p value from a Q test for heterogeneity. RESULTS: The combined analysis comprised 1257 subjects treated with nintedanib and 1042 subjects who received placebo. Nintedanib reduced the rate of decline in FVC (mL/year) over 52 weeks by 51.0% (95% CI 39.1, 63.0) compared with placebo. The relative effect (95% CI) was the same using the fixed effect and random effects models. There was no evidence of heterogeneity in the relative treatment effect of nintedanib across the populations studied (I2 = 0%, τ2 = 0, p = 0.93). CONCLUSIONS: A meta-analysis of data from four placebo-controlled trials demonstrated that nintedanib approximately halved the rate of decline in FVC over 52 weeks across subjects with different forms of pulmonary fibrosis, with no evidence of heterogeneity in its relative treatment effect across patient populations

Liaising in the 21st Century: The Shifting Role of the Education Librarian

This paper will examine the findings of a survey on the job roles and responsibilities of Education librarians (academic librarians with liaison responsibilities for the field of Education). Existing literature on Education librarianship has focused on particular facets of the job role, including the unique instructional needs of Education students and specific instruction and outreach initiatives. However, the literature lacks a comprehensive picture of the full spectrum of contemporary Education librarianship. This article provides a snapshot of the diverse educational backgrounds and varied responsibilities of Education librarians related to instruction and instructional design, reference, embedded librarianship, outreach, collaboration, and collection development

Research highlights from the 2018 ERS International Congress: interstitial lung diseases

This article reviews a selection of the scientific presentations on interstitial lung disease (ILD)/diffuse parenchymal lung disease (DPLD) that were made at the 2018 European Respiratory Society (ERS) International Congress in Paris. A number of advances in the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of these disorders were presented and discussed by clinicians and researchers. The research topics span over all four groups of ERS Assembly 12: Interstitial Lung Diseases (Group 12.01: Idiopathic interstitial pneumonias; Group 12.02: ILD/DPLD of known origin; Group 12.03: Sarcoidosis and other granulomatous ILD/DPLD; Group 12.04: Rare ILD/DPLD)

Medical competence, anatomy and the polity in seventeenth-century Rome

At the centre of this article are two physicians active in Rome between 1600 and 1630 who combined medical practice with broader involvement in the dynamic cultural, economic and political scene of the centre of the Catholic world. The city's distinctive and very influential social landscape magnified issues of career-building and allows us to recapture physicians’ different strategies of self-fashioning at a time of major social and religious reorganization. At one level, reconstructing Johannes Faber and Giulio Mancini's medical education, arrival in Rome and overlapping but different career trajectories contributes to research on physicians’ identity in early modern Italian states. Most remarkable are their access to different segments of Roman society, including a dynamic art market, and their diplomatic and political role, claimed as well as real. But following these physicians from hospitals to courts, including that of the Pope, and from tribunals to the university and analysing the wide range of their writing – from medico-legal consilia to political essays and reports of anatomical investigations – also enriches our view of medical practice, which included, but went beyond, the bedside. Furthermore, their activities demand that we reassess the complex place of anatomical investigations in a courtly society, and start recovering the fundamental role played by hospitals – those quintessential Catholic institutions – as sites of routine dissections for both medical teaching and research. (pp. 551–567